Baker's Cyst

This is an MRI image of a knee with a Baker's cyst, which the white arrows are pointing to. www.cobaltappeal.com/images/bakerscystsmall.jpg A Baker's cyst can form in a adult knee from almost any form of arthritis and cartilage tear. They can also be associated with Lyme's Disease. In children the cyst do not indicate any disease present. A Baker's cyst is swelling caused by fluid in the knee joint protruding to the back of the knee. The cyst can cause knee pain or tightness. Some cysts may cause no symptoms. The cysts can cause a visible bludge behind the knee. These cysts can be diagnosed using US, MRI, or a arthrogram. They can be treated with cortisone injections, surgery, or medications to relieve pain and swelling.

Rotator Cuff Tear

The first image is a MRI image of a shoulder with a rotator cuff tear shown by the red arrow. The second image is a MRI image of what a normal shoulder rotator cuff would look like. http://www.emedx.com/emedx/diagnosis_information/shoulder_disorders/rotator_cuff_mris_pictures.htm

A rotator cuff tear is an injury to one of more of the four tendons that make up the rotator cuff of the shoulder. The tears come in many different shapes and sizes. They are usually separated into two categories: repetitive use and traumatic injuries. Tears are much more common in older people. As people age the rotator cuff loses elasticity and becomes more susceptible to injury. The pain is often felt on the outside of the shoulder or upper arm while performing over head activities and pain at night. The tears can be diagnosed using xray, arthrogram, MRI, or US. They can be treated using pain medicines, rest, therapy, or surgery

Leiomyoma

www.filmjacket.com/uploads/casepics/leiomyoma.jpg This is a CT scan showing a uterine leiomyoma. A leiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle neoplasm. They can occur in any organ but they usually form in the uterus, small bowel, or esophagus. These neoplasm may cause abdominal pain. When formed in the uterus they can cause excessive menstrual bleeding that may lead to infertility. Surgery can be done to remove the fibroid or a complete hysterectomy may need to be performed. These tumors can be found using CT, MRI, or US.

Splenomegaly

radiology.med.sc.edu/splenomegaly.htm This is a CT image of an enlarged spleen displacing the stomach medially. Splenomegaly is the enlargement of the spleen. It is usually associated with increased work load to the spleen. It is associtated with any disease process that involves abnormal red blood cells being destroyed in the spleen. Symptoms can be abdominal pain or symptoms of anemia. Splenomegaly can be diagnosed by palpating an abdominal mass, or using US, CT, or MRI. It can be treated by doing a splenectomy. Many patients after this operation are at increased risk for infectious diseases.

Aortic Dissection

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1764957 All three of these images are CT images of aortic dissections. An aortic dissection is a tear in the wall of the aorta that causes blood to flow between the layers of the wall and forces the layers apart. Massive blood loss can occur if it is torn completely. Death may also occur. Men more frequently have aortic dissections than woman. If the dissection reaches 6 cm emergency surgery is needed. Sometimes stents are placed in patients that are at high risk for surgery. Dissections cause chest pain with associtated cold sweats. The pain may be localized but it typically moves if the dissection gets worse.

Pneumothorax

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Pneumothorax_CT.jpg. This is a CT axial image of a chest with a left sided pneumothorax with a chest tube in place. A pneumothorax is caused by accumulation of air or gas in the plural cavity. This can be a result of disease, injury, or it can happen spontaneously. A pneumothorax can cause shortness of breath, cough, cyanosis, chest pain, and arm or back pain. A penetrating chest wound will cause a flopping sound to be heard in the punctured lung. If untreated it can cause loss of consciousness or coma, mediastinum shift, or it can lead to death. It can be treated by placing a chest tube or can be aspirated with a needle if it is small.